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Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)
''Kriminalpolizei'', often abbreviated as Kripo, is the German name for a criminal investigation department. This article deals with the criminal investigation departments of Nazi Germany.
The Kripo consisted of the ''Reichskriminalpolizeiamt'', later Amt V of the ''Reichssicherheitshauptamt'', and its directly subordinated criminal investigation centers (''Kripo-Leitstellen'' and ''Kripo-Stellen''), as well as the criminal investigation divisions of the local state (''Staatliche Kriminalabteilungen'') and municipal police departments (''Gemeindekriminalpolizeiabteilungen''). In 1943 both the latter became directly subordinated to the criminal investigation centers. The personnel consisted of detectives in the Junior Criminal Investigation Career, the Executive Criminal Investigation Career, and the Female Criminal Investigation Career.
== Central organization ==
In July 1936, the Prussian central criminal investigation department (''Landeskriminalpolizeiamt'') became the central criminal investigation department for Germany, the ''Reichskriminalpolizeiamt''. It was merged, along with the secret state police department, the ''Geheime Staatspolizei'' or Gestapo into the ''Sicherheitspolizei'' (SiPo). They were placed under a centralized command office known as the ''Hauptamt Sicherheitspolizei''.〔Max Williams, ''Reinhard Heydrich: The Biography, Volume 1—Road To War'' (Church Stretton: Ulric Publishing, 2001), p. 77.〕 At that point, Reinhard Heydrich was in overall command of the SiPo, the ''Hauptamt Sicherheitspolizei'' and the ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (SD). Arthur Nebe was appointed head of the ''Reichskriminalpolizeiamt'', and reported to Heydrich.〔Robin Lumsden, ''A Collector's Guide To: The Allgemeine–SS'' (Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan, 2002), pp. 83-84.〕
In September 1939, the ''Reichssicherheitshauptamt'' (RSHA) was created as the command organization for the various state investigation and security agencies. The ''Hauptamt Sicherheitspolizei'' was officially abolished and its departments were folded into the RSHA. The ''Reichskriminalpolizeiamt'' became Amt V (Department 5), in the RSHA. It was commanded by Nebe until 1944, when he was denounced and executed subsequent to the failed 20 July plot to kill Adolf Hitler. In the last year of its existence, Amt V was commanded by Friedrich Panzinger.〔
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